The University of Allahabad, often called the “Oxford of the East,” has a rich history that makes it one of India’s most prestigious institutions. Here’s a detailed look at its past:

Early Beginnings as Muir Central College:

• Conception by Sir William Muir: The idea for a central college in Allahabad (now Prayagraj) that would eventually evolve into a university came from Sir William Muir, the Lieutenant Governor of the North-Western Provinces.
• Foundation in 1873: As a result of his initiative, the foundation stone of Muir Central College (named after him) was laid on December 9, 1873, by Lord Northbrook, the Viceroy of India.
• Architectural Grandeur: The college building, designed by William Emerson (who also designed the Victoria Memorial in Kolkata), is a magnificent example of Indo-Saracenic architecture, blending Indian, Islamic, and European styles.

Establishment of the University:

• University Status in 1887: On September 23, 1887, the University of Allahabad was officially established through an Act of Parliament (Act XVIII). This made it the fourth oldest modern university in India after Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras Universities.
• Affiliating and Examining Body: Initially, like the other early universities in India, Allahabad University functioned as an affiliating and examining body, granting degrees to students from affiliated colleges. It also had responsibility for secondary education in the region.

Growth and Development:

• Influence on Education: The university quickly became a leading center of education and research in North India, attracting students and scholars from across the country.
• Affiliation of Prestigious Colleges: Many prestigious colleges were affiliated with Allahabad University, including Government Science College, Jabalpur (the oldest science college in India).
• Focus on Liberal Arts and Sciences: The university developed strong departments in the liberal arts and sciences, contributing significantly to the fields of literature, philosophy, history, and science.

Role in the Indian Independence Movement:

• Center of Nationalist Thought: Allahabad University played a significant role in the Indian independence movement, becoming a hub of nationalist thought and activity. Many prominent freedom fighters and political leaders were associated with the university.

Post-Independence Era:

• Continued Prominence: After India’s independence, the university continued to be a leading institution, producing many distinguished alumni in various fields.
• Central University Status Re-established (2005): In 2005, through the University of Allahabad Act, the university’s central university status was re-established by the Parliament of India, further solidifying its position as a national institution.

Significance:

• “Oxford of the East”: The university earned the moniker “Oxford of the East” due to its high academic standards and its influence on education in India.
• Contribution to Nation-Building: Allahabad University has played a vital role in shaping modern India by producing generations of leaders, scholars, and professionals.

In summary, the University of Allahabad has a long and distinguished history, evolving from Muir Central College to become a leading institution in India. Its contribution to education, research, and the nation’s intellectual and political landscape has been immense.