Mollem, located in South Goa District, is a place where history, culture, and nature meet. Known today for the famous Dudhsagar Waterfalls and the Bhagwan Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary, Mollem has a long history that connects ancient dynasties, Portuguese colonial rule, and modern ecological importance.

Below is a detailed history of Mollem.

1. Ancient and Early Settlements

• Mollem was originally inhabited by tribal and agrarian communities who worshipped nature.
• Its location at the foot of the Western Ghats made it a vital trade and cultural route between Goa’s coast and the Deccan plateau.
• Forest shrines and sacred groves reflect the spiritual traditions of its early people.

2. Kadamba Dynasty Rule (10th–14th Century)

• The Kadamba dynasty of Goa ruled over Mollem and used it as a gateway through the Ghats.
• Agriculture, temple building, and trade flourished under their rule.
• Local village systems and cultural practices developed during this period still influence the region today.

3. Bahmani Sultanate and Vijayanagara Period

• Mollem came under the control of the Bahmani Sultanate and later the Vijayanagara Empire.
• This era brought military routes, temple architecture, and cultural exchanges between Goa and Karnataka.
• Mollem’s forests served as both protection and resource centers for the local population.

4. Portuguese Conquest and Colonial Era (1510–1961)

• When the Portuguese conquered Goa in 1510, Mollem was gradually integrated into their territory.
• As a border region, Mollem became important for monitoring trade routes and defending against invasions.
• Many temples were destroyed or relocated, but hidden shrines in Mollem’s forests survived.
• Villagers continued practicing traditional faiths while also adapting to Portuguese influence.

5. Natural and Strategic Importance

• Mollem’s position near the Anmod Ghat gave it strategic importance for trade and military defense.
• Its fertile land, rivers, and forests supported farming, timber, and medicinal resources.
• Generations of locals depended on its natural wealth for survival.

6. Modern Era: Mollem National Park

• After Goa’s liberation in 1961, Mollem became part of independent India.
• In 1978, it was declared the Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park, protecting its wildlife and forests.
• Today, Mollem is famous for:
  • Dudhsagar Waterfalls – a world-renowned natural wonder.
  • Wildlife sanctuary – home to leopards, deer, tigers, and exotic birds.
  • Eco-tourism – treks, safaris, and heritage visits.
  • Temples and ruins – reflecting its cultural depth.

✅ Conclusion: The Living Heritage of Mollem

The historical journey of Mollem in South Goa highlights its transformation from an ancient tribal settlement to a dynastic gateway, Portuguese frontier, and modern eco-tourism hub.

1. It began as a sacred forest region with deep cultural roots.
2. The Kadambas and later empires enhanced its strategic and cultural value.
3. The Portuguese era reshaped its identity while traditions survived in its jungles.
4. Today, Mollem thrives as Goa’s natural and historical treasure, attracting visitors for both heritage and ecology.

Mollem is more than just a tourist destination—it is a timeless bridge between Goa’s past and present, culture and nature.