Historical History of Jaipur – The Pink City of India

Jaipur, founded in 1727 by Maharaja Jai Singh II, is India’s first planned city, famed for its pink architecture and historic forts. Shifting from Amber, it flourished as a center of art, science, and culture, retaining heritage through Mughal ties and modernization, now a vibrant capital of Rajasthan.

Below is a detailed historical account of Jaipur.

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1. Foundation of Jaipur

Jaipur, the capital city of Rajasthan, was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber.
Unlike most medieval Indian cities, Jaipur was one of the first planned cities of India, designed by Vidydhar Bhattacharya, a Bengali architect, based on Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra principles.

2. Planned City Design

The city was divided into nine rectangular blocks, symbolizing the nine planets (Navagraha).
Broad streets, systematic markets, and palaces showcased Jaipur’s unique urban planning and architectural brilliance.
It was built with red and pink sandstone, which later gave Jaipur its famous name — “The Pink City.”

3. Jaipur During the Rajput Era

The Kachwaha Rajputs made Jaipur their stronghold after shifting from Amber.
Magnificent forts like Nahargarh Fort, Jaigarh Fort, and the existing Amber Fort guarded the region.
Palaces such as City Palace and Hawa Mahal reflected Rajput architectural excellence mixed with Mughal influences.

4. Jaipur and Astronomy

Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II had a deep interest in astronomy and mathematics.
He built the Jantar Mantar Observatory (completed in 1734) in Jaipur, which is today a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
It houses the world’s largest stone sundial and advanced astronomical instruments of its time.

5. Jaipur under British Colonial Period

Jaipur maintained semi-independent princely state status under the British Raj.
The rulers modernized the city by introducing education, railways, and infrastructure while preserving Rajput traditions.
In 1876, during the visit of Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), Jaipur was painted pink as a gesture of hospitality — a tradition that continues.

6. Jaipur in Modern India

After India’s independence in 1947, Jaipur became part of the state of Rajasthan.
In 1956, Jaipur was officially declared the capital of Rajasthan.
Today, Jaipur is known globally for its heritage forts, royal palaces, handicrafts, jewelry, and cultural festivals.

7. Conclusion

The history of Jaipur is a blend of royal legacy, scientific advancement, and cultural brilliance. From its foundation as a planned city by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, its role as a Rajput stronghold, its astronomical contributions, and its symbol of hospitality during the British era, Jaipur has evolved into one of the most important heritage cities of India. Known as the “Pink City”, it continues to attract travelers from across the globe as a living testimony of Rajasthan’s glorious past.