Kota, in Rajasthan’s Hadoti region, emerged in 1624 when Rao Madhav Singh separated it from Bundi. Known for Rajput valor, Mughal ties, and miniature paintings, Kota thrived as a princely state under British rule. Post-independence, it became Rajasthan’s education hub, balancing heritage, forts, and modern growth along the Chambal River.

Here’s a detailed historical account of Kota :

1. Early Origins

• The history of Kota is closely linked with the Hadoti region of Rajasthan.
• Kota was once part of the Rajput kingdom of Bundi, ruled by the Hada Chauhans, a branch of the great Chauhan dynasty.
• The region’s early importance was due to its strategic location on the eastern bank of the Chambal River, making it suitable for trade and defense.

2. Foundation of Kota as a Separate State

• In the early 17th century, Kota was separated from Bundi.
• Rao Ratan Singh of Bundi granted the region of Kota to his son Madhav Singh in 1624 CE, establishing Kota as an independent princely state.
• From this period, Kota emerged as a center of political and military strength in the Hadoti region.

3. Medieval Period and Mughal Relations

• Kota’s rulers often allied with the Mughal emperors, particularly during the reign of Shah Jahan.
• In return, the Kota rulers were granted recognition, military honors, and administrative rights.
• This period saw Kota gaining prosperity through war exploits, trade, and Mughal patronage.

4. Military Glory and the Battle of Kota

• Kota became well known for its military exploits, especially under Rao Madho Singh (Madhav Singh).
• Soldiers from Kota gained fame for their loyalty and bravery, and the state supplied significant military assistance to the Mughals in various campaigns.
• Kota thus earned recognition as one of the most militarily powerful Rajput states of Rajasthan.

5. Cultural and Architectural Development

• With political stability came the development of palaces, temples, gardens, and forts.
• The City Palace of Kota, built on the banks of the Chambal River, showcases Rajput and Mughal architectural fusion.
• Jagmandir Palace, built on an island in Kishore Sagar Lake, and the seven gates of Kota fort are prime historical landmarks.
• The tradition of Kota miniature paintings, characterized by bold lines, vibrant colors, and themes from mythology and royal life, flourished during this time.

6. Colonial Period (British Era)

• In the 19th century, Kota came under the suzerainty of the British as part of the Rajputana Agency.
• The princely rulers of Kota retained internal autonomy but were subject to British political oversight.
• Kota continued to develop as a regional power, contributing revenue, soldiers, and trade resources under the British Raj.

7. Post-Independence Integration

• After India’s independence in 1947, Kota, along with other Rajputana princely states, merged into the state of Rajasthan.
• Kota transitioned from being a princely state to becoming a modern city within independent India.

8. Modern Kota – Education Hub

• Today, Kota is world-famous as an education hub, especially for engineering and medical entrance exam coaching.
• It is also known for its industries, dams (like Chambal Valley Project), and heritage tourism.
• The city maintains a balance between its royal past and modern development.

9. Conclusion

The historical journey of Kota, Rajasthan reflects its transformation from a strategic Rajput stronghold into a flourishing princely state, later absorbed into modern India. Founded as a separate state in the 17th century, Kota rose to fame through its military valor, Mughal alliances, and cultural achievements such as miniature paintings and architectural marvels. Under colonial rule, it retained its princely dignity while adapting to changing political realities. Today, Kota has evolved into a modern hub of education, industry, and heritage tourism, carrying forward its legacy of resilience, prosperity, and cultural richness.