The Shree Ram Janmabhoomi Mandir in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, is one of the most revered and historically significant Hindu temples in India. It is dedicated to Lord Ram, believed to be an incarnation of Lord Vishnu and the central figure of the Indian epic, the Ramayana. Below is a detailed account of its historical, religious, and cultural significance:

1. Historical Background

• Ancient History:
  • Ayodhya is regarded as the birthplace of Lord Ram, referred to as Ram Janmabhoomi in Hindu traditions. The city of Ayodhya is mentioned in ancient texts like the Ramayana, Skanda Purana, Vishnu Purana, and Valmiki Ramayana, describing it as the capital of the Kosala Kingdom.
  • It has been a prominent spiritual and pilgrimage center for Hindus for thousands of years.
• Medieval Period:
  • In the 16th century, the Mughal emperor Babur allegedly ordered the construction of the Babri Masjid on the site traditionally regarded as Ram’s birthplace. This led to centuries of contention, with Hindu devotees believing that a temple originally stood there.
• Colonial Era:
  • During British rule in India, disputes between Hindus and Muslims over the site became increasingly prominent. Hindus continued to worship at the site, and the area was divided into separate worship areas by the British authorities.

2. Modern Controversy and Legal History

• 1949:
  • Idols of Lord Ram were reportedly placed inside the mosque. This sparked a legal battle over ownership and access to the site.
• 1980s:
  • The issue gained political prominence when the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP) launched a campaign to reclaim the site and rebuild the Ram Temple.
  • In 1992, the Babri Masjid was demolished by kar sevaks, leading to communal violence across India.
• Legal Proceedings:
  • The dispute over the site continued for decades, with legal claims filed by both Hindu and Muslim communities.
  • In 2010, the Allahabad High Court ruled a three-way division of the land between Hindus, Muslims, and the Nirmohi Akhara (a Hindu sect).
• Supreme Court Verdict (2019):
  • The Supreme Court of India delivered a landmark judgment, awarding the entire disputed land to the Hindu community for the construction of a temple. Muslims were allotted a separate 5-acre land for the construction of a mosque in Ayodhya.

3. Construction of the Shree Ram Janmabhoomi Mandir

• Foundation Stone Ceremony:
  • The foundation stone of the temple was laid on August 5, 2020, by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a grand ceremony.
• Architectural Details:
  • The temple is being built in Nagara style (traditional North Indian temple architecture).
  • Designed with three stories, it features intricately carved sandstone and a towering spire over the sanctum.
  • The sanctum will house a grand idol of Ram Lalla (infant Lord Ram).
• Dimensions:
  • The temple covers an area of 2.7 acres, and the total complex spans 67 acres.
  • The temple height is approximately 161 feet.
• Completion Date:
  • The temple’s sanctum sanctorum is expected to open for devotees in January 2024, with the rest of the temple complex to be completed by 2025.

4. Religious Significance

• Shakti Peeth:
  • Ayodhya is one of the seven holiest cities (Sapta Puri) for Hindus and an essential destination for spiritual seekers.
• Lord Ram’s Birthplace:
  • The site is considered the exact spot where Lord Ram was born, making it a powerful symbol of faith for millions of Hindus worldwide.

5. Tourism and Accessibility

• How to Reach:
  • By Air: The nearest airport is the Ayodhya International Airport, which has become operational recently.
  • By Train: Ayodhya Junction Railway Station is well-connected to major cities.
  • By Road: Regular buses and taxis are available from Lucknow, Varanasi, and Gorakhpur.
• Nearby Attractions:
  • Hanuman Garhi: A temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman.
  • Kanak Bhawan: A palace said to have been gifted to Sita by Kaikeyi.
  • Saryu River: Devotees take holy dips in the river, believing it washes away sins.

6. Festivals

• Ram Navami: Celebrated with great enthusiasm as Lord Ram’s birthday.
• Diwali: Ayodhya is illuminated with millions of lamps, recreating the scene of Ram’s return from exile.
• Deepotsav: A modern celebration where the city lights up with earthen lamps.

7. Cultural and Political Impact

• The Ram Janmabhoomi movement has played a significant role in shaping India’s religious and political landscape, becoming a symbol of Hindu identity and cultural pride.

8. Tips for Visitors

• Respect Traditions: Dress modestly and follow the temple’s guidelines.
• Plan Ahead: Expect large crowds, especially during festivals.
• Safety: Avoid carrying large bags or valuables, as security checks are strict.
• Stay Updated: Check for temple timings and any special events before visiting.